The Will and What it Must Consist of

The Witness for the Will

A Man Makes a Will and Appoints an Executor but he Refuses to Accept it

The Owner is more Rightful to his Property as Long as he is Living

Making a Will for the Heir

The Matters for which one can Make a Will and what is Preferable in the Issue

Another Chapter

A Man Makes a Will, then Cancels it

If the Beneficiary of a Will dies before the Death of the Testator or before Taking Possession

Executing the Will as it Requires

A Will for Setting free Slaves, Charity or al-Hajj

The Executor of the Will must Correct the Possible Violation of the Law in the Will

An Executor of the Will is held Responsible for Changing a Lawful Will

Al-Mudabbar (the Slave for whose Freedom Death of the Master is a Condition) is from One Third of the Legacy

First the Shroud, then Debts, then Will is paid for from the Legacy

The Will and Debts

One Who Sets Free a Slave and He is Indebted

The Will about a Contracted Slave

The Will of Immature Boys and Girls, the Lawful and Unlawful Matters in it

Will in Favor of Mothers of Children

The Matters Permissible in Endowment, Charity, Gift, Present, Providing Conditional Housing and Matters Permissible or otherwise for a Child and others

The Will for a Part of One’s Assets

The Will about Something of One’s Legacy

The Will about a Share of One’s Legacy

One in His Illness Confesses His Indebtedness to One of his Heirs

When certain ones of the Heirs Confirm Freeing of a Slave or Debts

The Case of One Who Leaves very Little Legacy with a Larger Amount of Debt and Dependents

The Adults whose Will is not Acceptable

Distribution of What is Bequeathed To Relatives

The Case of one who Makes a Bequest for an Adult with whom a Child must Share

The Case of One’s Appointing Two Executors for the Will, Each of whom Deals with a Certain Portion of the Legacy

Charities of the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, Fatimah and ‘A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Things that Reach a Deceased after his Death

The Rare Ahadith

The Case of One who Dies without a Will, Leaves behind Small Heirs and it is Sold upon Him

The Executor of the Will Hands over the Assets of Children who were Small, now Adults, but they Refuse to Take Charge, the Children who Become Adults but are not Found to be of Proper Understanding, the Limit of Adulthood

The Ordained Shares

The Legacy Comes from the Share of the One Nearest in Relationship to Him and that the Owner of Ordained Share is more Deserving than those who do not have any Ordained Share

Obligations are not Fulfilled without the Sword

Invalidity of Deficiency (in the Ordained Shares)

Another Chapter on Invalidity of al-‘Awl (deficiency or excess) and the Ordained Shares are not more than Six

Knowing to Avoid Deficiency

With the Existence of a Child and Parents no one Else Inherits Except a Husband and Wife

The Reason Why Ordained Shares are not more than Six

The Reason Why a Male’s Share is Twice the Share of a Female

The Legacy is Just for the Eldest Son

The Share of Children from the Legacy

The Share of Grandchildren in the legacy

Inheritance of Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Brothers and Sisters from the Father and Brothers and Sisters from the Mother

The Inheritance of a Son with both Parents

Inheritance of the Son, with Husband and Woman and Both Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Husband and Wife

AI-Kalalah (Burdensome one’s in Inheritance)

Inheritance of Brothers and Sisters with Children

Inheritance of the Grandfather

Brothers from a Mother with the Grandfather

Son of a Brother with a Grandfather

Inheritance of Relatives

A Woman Leaves Behind Just her Husband

A Deceased Leaves behind Just his Wife

Women do not Inherit Anything from Real Property

Dispute of Man and Woman over Household Items

Inheritance of a Boy and a Girl who are not yet Mature

The Inheritance of a Married and Mature Female before going to Bed

Inheritance of Women Divorced during Illness or without Illness

Inheritance of Relatives with Mawali

Inheritance of People Drowned and because of the Collapse of a Structure on them

Inheritance of People Killed, those who Inherit and those who do not Inherit from the Wergild

The Inheritance of a Killer

Inheritance of People of other Religions

Another Chapter on Inheritance of People of other Religions

The Inheritance of the People of Religion among them according to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Holy Prophet

If a Deceased Leaves Behind Muslim and non-Muslim Heirs

Inheritance of Slaves

The Free and Slaves do not Inherit each other

Deceased leaves Behind One Free and One Owned Heir

The Inheritance Due to Special Contract

Inheritance of an Apostate

Inheritance of One who is Lost

Inheritance of the Crying Newborn Child

Inheritance of Hermaphrodite

Inheritance of the Child of Parents who Condemn Each other (al -Mula‘anah (condemnation))

Another Chapter about the Child of Mula‘anah (condemnation)

Inheritance of a Child from Fornication

The Case of a Child Carried away from his Birthplace ( al-Hamil )

Confirming of Certain Heir a Debt

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي شَيْخٌ مِنْ وُلْدِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَدِيٍّ وَكَانَ مَعَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي حُرُوبِهِ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ فِي يَوْمَ الْتَقَى هُوَ وَمُعَاوِيَةُ بِصِفِّينَ وَرَفَعَ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ لِيُسْمِعَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَاللهِ لأقْتُلَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ فِي آخِرِ قَوْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ يَخْفِضُ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ وَكُنْتُ قَرِيباً مِنْهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّكَ حَلَفْتَ عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتَ ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَيْتَ فَمَا أَرَدْتَ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي إِنَّ الْحَرْبَ خُدْعَةٌ وَأَنَا عِنْدَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ كَذُوبٍ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُحَرِّضَ أَصْحَابِي عَلَيْهِمْ كَيْلا يَفْشَلُوا وَكَيْ يَطْمَعُوا فِيهِمْ فَأَفْقَهُهُمْ يَنْتَفِعُ بِهَا بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ قَالَ لِمُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) حَيْثُ أَرْسَلَهُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ فَقُولا لَهُ قَوْلا لَيِّناً لَعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشى‏ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لا يَتَذَكَّرُ وَلا يَخْشَى وَلَكِنْ لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ أَحْرَصَ لِمُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَلَى الذَّهَابِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has narrated the following: “A Shaykh of the children of ’Adi ibn Hatim narrated from his father from his grandfather who was with ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), in his campaign against his adversaries. He has said that on the day ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), met Mu‘awiyah in Siffin, raised his voice to reach his companions and said, ’By Allah I will fight and kill Mu’awiyah and his people’, then said in the end of his words slowly, ‘if Allah wills.’ I was close nearby and I asked, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, you swore about what you said, then why did you make an exception to what you said?’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘War is tricky and I am not an untruthful person before the believing people. I wanted to encourage my companions against them so they will not fail and keep an interest in their (enemy’s) defeat. The ones of most understanding among them will benefit thereby after this day, if Allah so wills. You must take notice that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, once said to Musa (a.s.), when He sent him to pharaoh, “The two of you speak to him softly so that perhaps he may learn or become afraid.” (20:44) He knew that he will not learn or become afraid but He wanted to encourage Musa ‘Alayhi al-Salam, to go.’” 

2- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الأرْمَنِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنِّي آلَيْتُ أَنْ لا أَشْرَبَ مِنْ لَبَنِ عَنْزِي وَلا آكُلَ مِنْ لَحْمِهَا فَبِعْتُهَا وَعِنْدِي مِنْ أَوْلادِهَا فَقَالَ لا تَشْرَبْ مِنْ لَبَنِهَا وَلا تَأْكُلْ مِنْ لَحْمِهَا فَإِنَّهَا مِنْهَا.

2. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn Hassan from abu ‘Imran al-Armaniy from ‘Abd al-Hakam from ‘Isa ibn ‘Atiyah who has narrated the following: “I once said to abu Ja’far (a.s.), that I had taken an oath not to drink from the milk of my goat and not to eat its flesh; so I sold it but its offspring has remained with me. He (the Imam) said, ‘Do not drink from its milk and do not eat from its flesh; it is from that.’” 

3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ هِلالٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَلَزِمَهُ فَقَالَ الْمَلْزُومُ كُلُّ حِلٍّ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ إِنْ بَرِحَ حَتَّى يُرْضِيَكَ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُرْضِيَهُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ وَلا يَدْرِي مَا يَبْلُغُ يَمِينُهُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا نِيَّةٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has narrated the following: “An indebted man who was held by his creditor said, ‘All lawful things will be unlawful for me if I leave you, unless you agree to allow me to go.’ However, he then leaves without his creditor agreeing, about this and what he might do because of not knowing the condition of his oath and swearing, when in reality he did not have the intention to swear, he (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect.’” 

4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ نَجِيَّةَ الْعَطَّارِ قَالَ سَافَرْتُ مَعَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَمَرَ غُلامَهُ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ فَخَالَفَهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَاللهِ لأضْرِبَنَّكَ يَا غُلامُ قَالَ فَلَمْ أَرَهُ ضَرَبَهُ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّكَ حَلَفْتَ لَتَضْرِبَنَّ غُلامَكَ فَلَمْ أَرَكَ ضَرَبْتَهُ فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوى‏.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Qasim ibn Yahya from his grandfather al-Hassan ibn Rashid from Najiyah al-‘Attar who has narrated the following: “I once travelled with abu Ja‘far (a.s.), to Makkah and he (the Imam) commanded his slave to do something but he disobeyed and abu Ja’far (a.s.), said, ‘By Allah, I will beat you, O ghulam (servant).’ I however, did not see him beating the ghulam, thus, I asked, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, you swore to beat him but I did not see you do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Is it not a fact that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “If you forgive it is closer to piety.” (2:237)’” 

5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ مَنْ عَجَزَ عَنِ الْكَفَّارَةِ الَّتِي تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٍ أَوْ عِتْقٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ فِي يَمِينٍ أَوْ نَذْرٍ أَوْ قَتْلٍ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَجِبُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ فَالاسْتِغْفَارُ لَهُ كَفَّارَةٌ مَا خَلا يَمِينَ الظِّهَارِ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُكَفِّرُ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا وَفُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلا أَنْ تَرْضَى الْمَرْأَةُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعَهُ وَلا يُجَامِعَهَا.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain persons of his people from ‘Asem ibn Hamid ibn Humayd from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘If one fails to pay an expiation which is due on him or setting free of a slave or charity because of an oath or a vow and commitment or murder and so forth or causes for which expiation is obligatory on him, then asking forgiveness is his choice in place of paying expiation. However, in the case of an oath due to Zihar, if one cannot find anything to pay as expiation, going to bed with her remains unlawful and they must stay away from each other unless the woman agrees with his living with her without going to bed.’” 

6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ الظِّهَارُ إِذَا عَجَزَ صَاحِبُهُ عَنِ الْكَفَّارَةِ فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرْ رَبَّهُ وَيَنْوِي أَنْ لا يَعُودَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ ثُمَّ لْيُوَاقِعْ وَقَدْ أَجْزَأَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ فَإِذَا وَجَدَ السَّبِيلَ إِلَى مَا يُكَفِّرُ يَوْماً مِنَ الأيَّامِ فَلْيُكَفِّرْ وَإِنْ تَصَدَّقَ وَأَطْعَمَ نَفْسَهُ وَعِيَالَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُجْزِئُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَاجاً وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرْ رَبَّهُ وَيَنْوِي أَنْ لا يَعُودَ فَحَسْبُهُ ذَلِكَ وَاللهِ كَفَّارَةً.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that in the case of al-Zihar if the man fails to pay the expiation, he must then ask forgiveness from his Lord and keep his intention not to repeat it again before going to bed and then go to bed, it is sufficient for expiation. When he finds a way to pay the expiation in one of the days, he then must pay the expiation. If he pays charity, feeds himself and his family, it is sufficient if he is needy. If he cannot find, then he must ask forgiveness from his Lord and keep his intention not to repeat it again; it then is enough, by Allah as the expiation.’” 

7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) رَجُلٌ حَلَفَ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنَ اللهِ وَمِنْ رَسُولِهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَحَنِثَ مَا تَوْبَتُهُ وَكَفَّارَتُهُ فَوَقَّعَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يُطْعِمُ عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated the following: “Muhammad ibn al-Hassan once wrote to abu Muhammad (a.s.), that a man has sworn to disown Allah and the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and he then opposed his oath and about what is his repentance and expiation. He (the Imam) (a.s.), signed the answer that said, ‘He must feed ten destitute people with one mud (a certain measurement) to each one and ask forgiveness from Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’” 

8- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مَنْ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ لا وَرَبِّ الْمُصْحَفِ فَحَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from af-Nawfaliy from af-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), has said, ‘If one swears saying, “No, by the Lord of the book”, then opposes it, he must pay one Kaffarah (expiation).”’ 

9- وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) هَلْ يُطْعَمُ الْمَسَاكِينُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ لُحُومَ الأضَاحِيِّ فَقَالَ لا لأنَّهُ قُرْبَانٌ للهِ.

9. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith, the following is narrated: “’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), was asked, ‘Can the Kaffarah (expiation) because of an oath be fed to the destitute from the flesh of the offering animals for al-Hajj?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because it is sacrifice for Allah.’” 

10- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينُ فَيُحْلِفُهُ غَرِيمُهُ بِالأيْمَانِ الْمُغَلَّظَةِ أَنْ لا يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْبَلَدِ إِلا يُعْلِمُهُ فَقَالَ لا يَخْرُجُ حَتَّى يُعْلِمَهُ قُلْتُ إِنْ أَعْلَمَهُ لَمْ يَدَعْهُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عِلْمُهُ ضَرَراً عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى عِيَالِهِ فَلْيَخْرُجْ وَلا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Sahl from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is under oath and his creditor makes him to take an oath with all seriousness not to leave the town without his knowledge. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must not leave the town without his knowledge.’ I then said that if he informs, he would not allow him to go out. He (the Imam) said, ‘If informing him is harmful to him and his family he can go out and he does not owe anything.’” 

11- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ عَلاءٍ بَيَّاعِ السَّابِرِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ اسْتَوْدَعَتْ رَجُلا مَالا فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهَا الْمَوْتُ قَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّ الْمَالَ الَّذِي دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكَ لِفُلانَةَ فَمَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَأَتَى أَوْلِيَاؤُهَا الرَّجُلَ فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ لِصَاحِبَتِنَا مَالٌ لا نَرَاهُ إِلا عِنْدَكَ فَاحْلِفْ لَنَا مَا لَنَا قِبَلَكَ شَيْ‏ءٌ أَيَحْلِفُ لَهُمْ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مَأْمُونَةً عِنْدَهُ فَلْيَحْلِفْ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُتَّهَمَةً عِنْدَهُ فَلا يَحْلِفُ وَيَضَعُ الأمْرَ عَلَى مَا كَانَ فَإِنَّمَا لَهَا مِنْ مَالِهَا ثُلُثُهُ.

11. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from al-‘Ala’ Bayya’ al-Sabiriy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who leaves in trust with a man a certain amount of assets; and when the time of her death comes, she tells him that the asset she has left with him belongs to so and so female person. The woman dies and her people come to him and ask him to take an oath that she has not left anything with him. Must he take an oath in such case? He (the Imam) said, Tf he trusts her he can take an oath but if she is accused, he must not take an oath and instead leave the matter as is; only one-third belongs to her, after all.”’ 

12- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ حَفْصٍ وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقْسِمُ عَلَى أَخِيهِ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ إِكْرَامَهُ.

12. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ibn Faddal from Hafs and from more than one person of our people who has narrated the following: “Once abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who swears by his brother. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect on him; he only wanted to honor and respect him.’” 

13- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَاقَعَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ وَاقَعَهَا فِي اسْتِقْبَالِ الدَّمِ فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اللهَ وَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ نَفَرٍ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِقَدْرِ قُوتِ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ لِيَوْمِهِ وَلا يَعُدْ وَإِنْ كَانَ وَاقَعَهَا فِي إِدْبَارِ الدَّمِ فِي آخِرِ أَيَّامِهَا قَبْلَ الْغُسْلِ فَلا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

13. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who falls on his wife during her experiencing Hayd (menses). He (the Imam) said, Tf he has done so in the beginning of her Hayd (menses) he must ask forgiveness from Allah and give charity, to seven people of the believing ones, of one day’s meals and must not repeat. If it is in the end of her Hayd (menses) before her taking Ghusl (bath), then he does not owe anything.’” 

14- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَيُّ شَيْ‏ءٍ لا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ قَالَ فَقَالَ كُلُّ مَا كَانَ لَكَ فِيهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ فِي دِينٍ أَوْ دُنْيَا فَلا حِنْثَ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ.

14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn Sawqah from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the meaning of: ‘there is no vow and commitment in sinful matters’. He (the Imam) said, ‘Whatever is beneficial to you in the worldly matters or the hereafter, there is no violation in it.’” 

15- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ وَابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُظَاهِرُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ يَجُوزُ عِتْقُ الْمَوْلُودِ فِي الْكَفَّارَةِ فَقَالَ كُلُّ الْعِتْقِ يَجُوزُ فِيهِ الْمَوْلُودُ إِلا فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْقَتْلِ فَإِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ مُقِرَّةً قَدْ بَلَغَتِ الْحِنْثَ.

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr and Ibn Abi ‘Umayr all from Mu’ammar ibn Yahya who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who involves himself in al- Zihar against his wife; if it is permissible to free a newborn slave for Kaffarah (expiation). He (the Imam) said, ‘Every kind of Kaffarah (expiation) that requires freeing of a slave, freeing of a newborn slave is sufficient for it except for murder; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “. . . then set free a believing slave.” (4:92) He has meant thereby one who affirms the faith and is of the age of being held responsible for violating an oath.’” 

16- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ السَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ عِتْقَ رَقَبَةٍ فَأَعْتَقَ أَشَلَّ [أَوْ] أَعْرَجَ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ مِمَّا يُبَاعُ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمَّى فَعَلَيْهِ مَا اشْتَرَطَ وَسَمَّى.

16. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn al-Husayn from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar al-Sabatiy who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who makes it upon himself to free a slave then sets free a paralyzed or lame one, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, Tf he is sellable, it is sufficient unless he has specified, in which case he must meet the condition.’” 

17- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ تَقِيَّةً قَالَ إِنْ خِفْتَ عَلَى مَالِكَ وَدَمِكَ فَاحْلِفْ تَرُدُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَرُدُّ شَيْئاً فَلا تَحْلِفْ لَهُمْ.

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ’Isma‘il ibn Marrar from Yunus from certain persons of his people who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who swears because of taqiyah (fear), one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, Tf you fear for your belongings or life, you can swear if it can spare it; but if you see that it cannot avert anything, then do not swear.”’ 

18- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأصَمِّ عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ شَيْئاً قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ يَوْماً وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَصَدَّقَ بِرَغِيفٍ.

18. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan Shammun from ‘ Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al- Rahman al-Asamm from Misma‘ ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), was asked about a man who makes a vow and commitment without specifying anything, has said, ‘If he wants he can perform two Rak‘at Salat (prayer) or fast for one day or give one loaf of bread for charity.’” 

19- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ قِيلَ لَهُ فَعَلْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ لا وَاللهِ مَا فَعَلْتُهُ وَقَدْ فَعَلَهُ فَقَالَ كَذِبَةٌ كَذَبَهَا يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ مِنْهَا.

19. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “This is about the case of a man who after being asked, ‘Did you do such and such work?’ says, ‘No, by Allah, I have not done it’ when in fact he has done it. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amz’r al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), has said, ‘It is a lie that he has spoken and he must ask Allah for forgiveness.’” 

20- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ كَانَتْ مِنْ أَيْمَانِ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لا وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ.

20. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Nawfaliy from ‘Isa ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Umar ibn Ali from his father from his grandfather who has narrated the following: “Of the oath of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, was his saying, ‘No, and I ask Allah for forgiveness.’” 

21- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ ذَكَرَهُ قَالَ لَمَّا سُمَّ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ نَذَرَ إِنْ عُوفِيَ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِمَالٍ كَثِيرٍ فَلَمَّا عُوفِيَ سَأَلَ الْفُقَهَاءَ عَنْ حَدِّ الْمَالِ الْكَثِيرِ فَاخْتَلَفُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَشَرَةُ آلافٍ فَقَالُوا فِيهِ أَقَاوِيلَ مُخْتَلِفَةً فَاشْتَبَهَ عَلَيْهِ الأمْرُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ نُدَمَائِهِ يُقَالُ لَهُ صَفْعَانُ أَلا تَبْعَثُ إِلَى هَذَا الأسْوَدِ فَتَسْأَلَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ مَنْ تَعْنِي وَيْحَكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنَ الرِّضَا فَقَالَ لَهُ وَهُوَ يُحْسِنُ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْئاً فَقَالَ إِنْ أَخْرَجَكَ مِنْ هَذَا فَلِي عَلَيْكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِلا فَاضْرِبْنِي مِائَةَ مِقْرَعَةٍ فَقَالَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ قَدْ رَضِيتُ يَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مَحْمُودٍ صِرْ إِلَيْهِ وَسَلْهُ عَنْ حَدِّ الْمَالِ الْكَثِيرِ فَصَارَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ حَدِّ الْمَالِ الْكَثِيرِ فَقَالَ الْكَثِيرُ ثَمَانُونَ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَعْفَرٌ يَا سَيِّدِي إِنَّهُ يَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْعِلَّةِ فِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللهُ فِي مَواطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ فَعَدَدْنَا تِلْكَ الْمَوَاطِنَ فَكَانَتْ ثَمَانِينَ. هَذَا آخِرُ كِتَابِ الأيْمَانِ وَالنُّذُورِ وَالْكَفَّارَاتِ وَبِهِ تَمَّ كِتَابُ الْفُرُوعِ مِنَ الْكَافِي تَأْلِيفُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الرَّازِيِّ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالْحَمْدُ للهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَا وَنَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ الطَّاهِرِينَ وَسَلَّمَ تَسْلِيماً كَثِيراً وَيَتْلُوهُ كِتَابُ الرَّوْضَةِ مِنَ الْكَافِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ. 

21. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain persons of his people whom he has mentioned who has narrated the following: “Al-Mutawakkil specified a vow and commitment that if he recovers he will give in charity kathir (a great deal of) assets. When he recovered, he asked the scholars of law about the limit of kathir (great deal) but they had different opinions. Certain ones among them said that it is a hundred thousand; others said that it is ten thousand, and they cited different things as proof in the matter. It all became confusing for him. One of his officers called Saf‘an said, ‘Why do you not send this black to ask him about it?’ Al-Mutawakkal asked, ‘Who do you mean thereby? Woe upon you!’ He replied, ‘I mean ibn al-Rida’.’ He asked, ‘Is he good in it?’ He (the officer) replied, ‘If he takes you out of this, you then must pay me so and so much; or you can whip me one hundred times.’ Al-Mutawakkal said, ‘I agree. O Ja‘far ibn Mahmud, go to him and ask him about the limit of kathir (a great deal of asset).’ Ja‘far ibn Mahmud went to abu al-Hassan, Ali ibn Muhammad, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, and asked him about the limit of al-Kathir (great deal of assets). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is eighty.’ Ja‘far asked, ‘O my master, he will ask me for a reason.’ Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), said, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, ‘We have helped you in Mawatin al-Kathirah (in a great many places)’ and we counted them, they were eighty such places.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 7

Book 7, Chapter 18