The Will and What it Must Consist of

The Witness for the Will

A Man Makes a Will and Appoints an Executor but he Refuses to Accept it

The Owner is more Rightful to his Property as Long as he is Living

Making a Will for the Heir

The Matters for which one can Make a Will and what is Preferable in the Issue

Another Chapter

A Man Makes a Will, then Cancels it

If the Beneficiary of a Will dies before the Death of the Testator or before Taking Possession

Executing the Will as it Requires

A Will for Setting free Slaves, Charity or al-Hajj

The Executor of the Will must Correct the Possible Violation of the Law in the Will

An Executor of the Will is held Responsible for Changing a Lawful Will

Al-Mudabbar (the Slave for whose Freedom Death of the Master is a Condition) is from One Third of the Legacy

First the Shroud, then Debts, then Will is paid for from the Legacy

The Will and Debts

One Who Sets Free a Slave and He is Indebted

The Will about a Contracted Slave

The Will of Immature Boys and Girls, the Lawful and Unlawful Matters in it

Will in Favor of Mothers of Children

The Matters Permissible in Endowment, Charity, Gift, Present, Providing Conditional Housing and Matters Permissible or otherwise for a Child and others

The Will for a Part of One’s Assets

The Will about Something of One’s Legacy

The Will about a Share of One’s Legacy

One in His Illness Confesses His Indebtedness to One of his Heirs

When certain ones of the Heirs Confirm Freeing of a Slave or Debts

The Case of One Who Leaves very Little Legacy with a Larger Amount of Debt and Dependents

The Adults whose Will is not Acceptable

Distribution of What is Bequeathed To Relatives

The Case of one who Makes a Bequest for an Adult with whom a Child must Share

The Case of One’s Appointing Two Executors for the Will, Each of whom Deals with a Certain Portion of the Legacy

Charities of the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, Fatimah and ‘A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Things that Reach a Deceased after his Death

The Rare Ahadith

The Case of One who Dies without a Will, Leaves behind Small Heirs and it is Sold upon Him

The Executor of the Will Hands over the Assets of Children who were Small, now Adults, but they Refuse to Take Charge, the Children who Become Adults but are not Found to be of Proper Understanding, the Limit of Adulthood

The Ordained Shares

The Legacy Comes from the Share of the One Nearest in Relationship to Him and that the Owner of Ordained Share is more Deserving than those who do not have any Ordained Share

Obligations are not Fulfilled without the Sword

Invalidity of Deficiency (in the Ordained Shares)

Another Chapter on Invalidity of al-‘Awl (deficiency or excess) and the Ordained Shares are not more than Six

Knowing to Avoid Deficiency

With the Existence of a Child and Parents no one Else Inherits Except a Husband and Wife

The Reason Why Ordained Shares are not more than Six

The Reason Why a Male’s Share is Twice the Share of a Female

The Legacy is Just for the Eldest Son

The Share of Children from the Legacy

The Share of Grandchildren in the legacy

Inheritance of Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Brothers and Sisters from the Father and Brothers and Sisters from the Mother

The Inheritance of a Son with both Parents

Inheritance of the Son, with Husband and Woman and Both Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Husband and Wife

AI-Kalalah (Burdensome one’s in Inheritance)

Inheritance of Brothers and Sisters with Children

Inheritance of the Grandfather

Brothers from a Mother with the Grandfather

Son of a Brother with a Grandfather

Inheritance of Relatives

A Woman Leaves Behind Just her Husband

A Deceased Leaves behind Just his Wife

Women do not Inherit Anything from Real Property

Dispute of Man and Woman over Household Items

Inheritance of a Boy and a Girl who are not yet Mature

The Inheritance of a Married and Mature Female before going to Bed

Inheritance of Women Divorced during Illness or without Illness

Inheritance of Relatives with Mawali

Inheritance of People Drowned and because of the Collapse of a Structure on them

Inheritance of People Killed, those who Inherit and those who do not Inherit from the Wergild

The Inheritance of a Killer

Inheritance of People of other Religions

Another Chapter on Inheritance of People of other Religions

The Inheritance of the People of Religion among them according to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Holy Prophet

If a Deceased Leaves Behind Muslim and non-Muslim Heirs

Inheritance of Slaves

The Free and Slaves do not Inherit each other

Deceased leaves Behind One Free and One Owned Heir

The Inheritance Due to Special Contract

Inheritance of an Apostate

Inheritance of One who is Lost

Inheritance of the Crying Newborn Child

Inheritance of Hermaphrodite

Inheritance of the Child of Parents who Condemn Each other (al -Mula‘anah (condemnation))

Another Chapter about the Child of Mula‘anah (condemnation)

Inheritance of a Child from Fornication

The Case of a Child Carried away from his Birthplace ( al-Hamil )

Confirming of Certain Heir a Debt

1- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَيَّ الْمَشْيُ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ بِحَجَّةٍ أَوْ عَلَيَّ هَدْيُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ حَتَّى يَقُولَ للهِ عَلَيَّ الْمَشْيُ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ أَوْ يَقُولَ للهِ عَلَيَّ أَنْ أُحْرِمَ بِحَجَّةٍ أَوْ يَقُولَ للهِ عَلَيَّ هَدْيُ كَذَا وَكَذَا إِنْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا.

1. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Mansur ibn Hazim who has narrated the foffowing: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man says, ‘It is obligatory on me to walk to the house of Allah’ when he is in the state of Ihram for al-Hajj. He may say, ‘It is obligatory on me to offer such and such offering.’ However, he does not owe anything until he says, ‘It is obligatory on me from Allah to walk to His house.’ Or says, ‘It is obligatory from Allah on me to assume the state of Ihram for al-Hajj.’ Or he says, ‘From Allah it is obligatory on me to offer an offering of such and such if I did not do such and such thing.’” 

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ النَّذْرُ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ حَتَّى يُسَمِّيَ شَيْئاً للهِ صِيَاماً أَوْ صَدَقَةً أَوْ هَدْياً أَوْ حَجّاً.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Muhammad af-Fudayi from abu af-Sabbah ai-Kinaniy who has narrated the foffowing: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says that there is a vow, a commitment on him (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect until one specifies it, like fasting, charity, a gift or al-Hajj.’” 

3- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ حَتَّى يُسَمِّيَ النَّذْرَ وَيَقُولَ عَلَيَّ صَوْمٌ للهِ أَوْ يَتَصَدَّقَ أَوْ يُعْتِقَ أَوْ يُهْدِيَ هَدْياً وَإِنْ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَنَا أُهْدِي هَذَا الطَّعَامَ فَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِشَيْ‏ءٍ إِنَّمَا تُهْدَى الْبُدْنُ.

3. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Afi ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says that there is a vow, a commitment on him. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect until he says, “There is fasting, or paying charity, or freeing a slave, or offering an animal offering.” If a man says, “I give this food as an offering,” it is not valid, because only a camel or so can become an animal offering.’” 

4- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ كَانَتْ عِنْدِي جَارِيَةٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَارْتَفَعَ طَمْثُهَا فَجَعَلْتُ للهِ عَلَيَّ نَذْراً إِنْ هِيَ حَاضَتْ فَعَلِمْتُ بَعْدُ أَنَّهَا حَاضَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ النَّذْرَ فَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَأَنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَجَابَنِي إِنْ كَانَتْ حَاضَتْ قَبْلَ النَّذْرِ فَلا عَلَيْكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ حَاضَتْ بَعْدَ النَّذْرِ فَعَلَيْكَ.

4. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Jamil ibn Salih who has narrated the following: “I had a girl in al-Madinah whose Hayd (menses) stopped. I then made a vow, a commitment before Allah for His sake if her Hayd (menses) becomes normal, I then fulfill the vow and commitment. I then learned that she experiences Hayd (menses) before my fulfilling the vow and commitment. I wrote to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was in al-Madinah and he (the Imam) replied, ‘If she experienced Hayd (menses) before your vow and commitment then you do not owe anything, but if she experienced Hayd (menses) after your vow and commitment then you must fulfill the vow and commitment.’” 

5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنِّي جَعَلْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي شُكْراً للهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ أُصَلِّيهِمَا فِي الْحَضَرِ وَالسَّفَرِ أَفَأُصَلِّيهِمَا فِي السَّفَرِ بِالنَّهَارِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنِّي أَكْرَهُ الإيجَابَ أَنْ يُوجِبَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ قُلْتُ إِنِّي لَمْ أَجْعَلْهُمَا للهِ عَلَيَّ إِنَّمَا جَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى نَفْسِي أُصَلِّيهِمَا شُكْراً للهِ وَلَمْ أُوجِبْهُمَا عَلَى نَفْسِي أَفَأَدَعُهُمَا إِذَا شِئْتُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I have made it upon myself to perform two Rak‘at Salat (prayer) as thanksgiving to Allah at home or on a journey’ if on a journey I can perform them during the day. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘I dislike a man’s making it obligatory upon himself.’ I then said, ‘I have not made them for Allah but I have made it upon myself to perform the two Rak‘at to thank Allah and I have not made it obligatory on myself if I can stop performing them when I wanted. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’” 

6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَمَرَّ بِمَعْبَرٍ قَالَ فَلْيَقُمْ فِي الْمِعْبَرِ قَائِماً حَتَّى يَجُوزَ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about a man who made a vow and commitment to walk to the house and he arrived on a crossing. He (the Imam) said, ’He must remain standing until there is room to cross the crossing.’” 

7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَجَّةُ الإسْلامِ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ فَقِيلَ لَهُ تَزَوَّجْ ثُمَّ حُجَّ فَقَالَ إِنْ تَزَوَّجْتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَحُجَّ فَغُلامِي حُرٌّ فَتَزَوَّجَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ فَقَالَ أُعْتِقَ غُلامُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَمْ يُرِدْ بِعِتْقِهِ وَجْهَ اللهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ نَذْرٌ فِي طَاعَةِ اللهِ وَالْحَجُّ أَحَقُّ مِنَ التَّزْوِيجِ وَأَوْجَبُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ التَّزْوِيجِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْحَجَّ تَطَوُّعٌ قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ تَطَوُّعاً فَهِيَ طَاعَةٌ للهِ قَدْ أَعْتَقَ غُلامَهُ.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who owed al-Hajjah al-Islam and wanted to perform al-Hajj. He was told to become married first, then perform al-Hajj. He said, ‘If I become married before al-Hajj my slave is free.’ He married before performing al-Hajj. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must free his slave.’ I then said, ‘He did not free his slave for the sake of Allah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a vow and commitment in the way of Allah and al-Hajj is of a greater priority than marriage and an obligation of a greater degree than marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if al- Hajj is optional?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Even if it is optional it is an act of obedience that has made his slave free.’” 

8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِلشَّيْ‏ءِ يَبِيعُهُ أَنَا أُهْدِيهِ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ الْحَرَامِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ كَذِبَةٌ كَذَبَهَا.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Hariz from abu al-Rabi’ who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who buys something and says, ‘I gift it to the Sacred House of Allah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect. It is a lie that he has spoken.’” 

9- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنْ قُلْتَ للهِ عَلَيَّ فَكَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If you say, ‘It is from Allah upon me’ then its expiation is like that for an oath.’” 

10- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ كَتَبَ بُنْدَارُ مَوْلَى إِدْرِيسَ يَا سَيِّدِي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ كُلَّ يَوْمِ سَبْتٍ فَإِنْ أَنَا لَمْ أَصُمْهُ مَا يَلْزَمُنِي مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ فَكَتَبَ وَقَرَأْتُهُ لا تَتْرُكْهُ إِلا مِنْ عِلَّةٍ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ صَوْمُهُ فِي سَفَرٍ وَلا مَرَضٍ إِلا أَنْ تَكُونَ نَوَيْتَ ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ أَفْطَرْتَ مِنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِعَدَدِ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ لِسَبْعَةِ مَسَاكِينَ نَسْأَلُ اللهَ التَّوْفِيقَ لِمَا يُحِبُّ وَيَرْضَى.

10. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has narrated the following: “Bundar, maxvla of Idris, once wrote, ‘My master, I made a vow and commitment to fast every Saturday; and if I did not fast what is the expiation?’ He (the Imam) wrote and I read it, ‘Do not stop fasting except because of illness, and you do not have to fast when on a journey or during your illness unless you had the intention to do so. If you stop fasting without illness and good reason, then pay charity for every day missed to seven destitute people, we ask Allah to grant good opportunity for doing what He loves and pleases.’” 

11- وَعَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) رَجُلٌ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ نَذْراً إِنْ قَضَى اللهُ حَاجَتَهُ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِدَرَاهِمَ فَقَضَى اللهُ حَاجَتَهُ فَصَيَّرَ الدَّرَاهِمَ ذَهَباً وَوَجَّهَهَا إِلَيْكَ أَيَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُعِيدُ فَقَالَ يُعِيدُ.

11. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who has made a vow and commitment that if Allah makes his wish to come true, he will pay a certain amount of dirham as charity. Allah then made his wish come true. He then made the dirham into gold and has sent to you; if that is sufficient or he has to do it again. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must do it again.’” 

12- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ مِثْلَهُ وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يَا سَيِّدِي رَجُلٌ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَصُومَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ دَائِماً مَا بَقِيَ فَوَافَقَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ يَوْمَ عِيدِ فِطْرٍ أَوْ أَضْحًى أَوْ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ أَوِ السَّفَرَ أَوْ مَرِضَ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَوْ قَضَاؤُهُ أَوْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ يَا سَيِّدِي فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ قَدْ وَضَعَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الصِّيَامَ فِي هَذِهِ الأيَّامِ كُلِّهَا وَيَصُومُ يَوْماً بَدَلَ يَوْمٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُهُ يَا سَيِّدِي رَجُلٌ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَصُومَ يَوْماً فَوَقَعَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يَصُومُ يَوْماً بَدَلَ يَوْمٍ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ.

12. Muhammad ibn Ja‘far al-Razzaz has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn Mahziyar from has said narrated a similar Hadith and he wrote to him (the Imam) the following: “My master, a man has made a vow and commitment to fast on Fridays all the time. What happens if such days coincide with the day of ‘Id of Fitr, or Adha’, or days of al-Tashriq or a journey or illness; if he owes to fast on such days or its Qada’ (compensatory fasting) and what must he do, O my master?’ He (the Imam) wrote, ‘Allah has exempted him from fasting on all of these days and he can fast one day for (an alternate) one day, if Allah so wills.’ He wrote to him (the Imam) asking, ‘O my master, there is a man who had made a vow and commitment to fast a certain day and on that day he fell on his wife. What is the expiation for it?’ He (the Imam) wrote, ‘He must fast one day for one day and set free a believing slave.’” 

13- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ كَفَّارَةِ النَّذْرِ فَقَالَ كَفَّارَةُ النَّذْرِ كَفَّارَةُ الْيَمِينِ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ هَدْياً فَعَلَيْهِ نَاقَةٌ يُقَلِّدُهَا وَيُشْعِرُهَا وَيَقِفُ بِهَا بِعَرَفَةَ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ جَزُوراً فَحَيْثُ شَاءَ نَحَرَهُ.

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Sulayman ibn Dawud from Hafs ibn Ghiyath who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the expiation because of a vow and commitment. He (the Imam) said, ‘Kaffarah (expiation) for a vow and commitment is like the expiation because of an oath. If one makes a vow and commitment to offer an animal for sacrifice he must find a camel, he must mark and collar it and stay with it in ‘Arafah. If one makes a vow and commitment to offer a Jazur, (a certain kind of camel) then he can slaughter by manner of Nahr (slaughtering from the upper part of the chest) wherever he wants.’” 

14- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ اللُّؤْلُؤِيِّ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ وَلا يُسَمِّي شَيْئاً قَالَ كَفٌّ مِنْ بُرٍّ غُلِّظَ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ شُدِّدَ.

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn al-Husayn al-Lu’lu’iy in a marfu‘ manner who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says, ‘There is a vow and commitment on me’, but does not specify. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one handful of wheat, regardless, he has taken it seriously or with great emphasis.’” 

15- عَنْهُ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ يَجْعَلُ عَلَيْهِ صِيَاماً فِي نَذْرٍ فَلا يَقْوَى قَالَ يُعْطِي مَنْ يَصُومُ عَنْهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدَّيْنِ.

15. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Yahya al-Mubarak from ‘Abd Allah ibn al- Jabalah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who makes a vow and commitment to fast and is not able to do so, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must pay someone to fast for him and for every day it is two mud (a certain measurement) of food.’” 

16- وَبِهَذَا الإسْنَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جُنْدَبٍ قَالَ سَأَلَ عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ نَذْراً صَوْماً وَأَرَادَ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جُنْدَبٍ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ نَذْراً صَوْماً فَحَضَرَتْهُ نِيَّتُهُ فِي زِيَارَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ يَخْرُجُ وَلا يَصُومُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَإِذَا رَجَعَ قَضَى ذَلِكَ.

16. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith, the following is narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jundab who has narrated the following: “’Abbad ibn Maymun asked (abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.)) when I was present, about the case of a man who made a vow and commitment to fast and wanted to leave for Makkah. ‘Abd Allah ibn Jundab said, ‘I heard the one who narrated from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who was asked about a man who made a vow and commitment to fast. He became aware of his intention during his visiting abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘He can leave without fasting on the way and on his return arrange for Qada’ (compensatory fasting).”’ 

17- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ كُلُّ مَنْ عَجَزَ عَنْ نَذْرٍ نَذَرَهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ.

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih from abu al-Hassan Musa (a.s.), who has narrated the following: “Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘Whoever makes a vow and commitment to fast and then fails to do so, the expiation on him is like the Kaffarah (expiation) for an oath.’” 

18- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ السِّنْدِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ الْجَمَّالِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي إِنِّي جَعَلْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي مَشْياً إِلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ قَالَ كَفِّرْ يَمِينَكَ فَإِنَّمَا جَعَلْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ يَمِيناً وَمَا جَعَلْتَهُ للهِ فَفِ بِهِ.

18. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Sindiy ibn Muhammad from Safwan al-Jammal who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I have made a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must pay expiation for your oath, because you have made it on yourself and you have not made for Allah; you must then fulfill.’” 

19- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ وَحَفْصٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ حَافِياً قَالَ فَلْيَمْشِ فَإِذَا تَعِبَ فَلْيَرْكَبْ.

19. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Rif‘ah and Hafs who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who makes a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah barefoot. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must walk and if he becomes tired, he can ride.’” 

20- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَلاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ [عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع] قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَشْياً إِلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ وَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ قَالَ يَحُجُّ رَاكِباً.

20. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who has made a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah but cannot do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can perform al-Hajj and ride.’” 

21- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَشْيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ قَالَ فَلْيَحُجَّ رَاكِباً.

21. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who makes a vow and commitment to walk to the House of Allah but cannot do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must perform al-Hajj riding.’” 

22- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَسُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْلِفُ بِالنَّذْرِ وَنِيَّتُهُ فِي يَمِينِهِ الَّتِي حَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا دِرْهَمٌ أَوْ أَقَلُّ قَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَجْعَلْ للهِ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ.

22. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, when he (the Imam) was asked about the case of a man who took an oath to make a vow and commitment and his intention in his oath is about one dirham or less. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not made it for Allah, then it does not have any valid effect.’” 

23- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخَثْعَمِيِّ قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) جَمَاعَةً إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ مَوَالِي أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ وَبَكَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَعْطَيْتُ اللهَ عَهْداً إِنْ عَافَانِيَ اللهُ مِنْ شَيْ‏ءٍ كُنْتُ أَخَافُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِي أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِجَمِيعِ مَا أَمْلِكُ وَإِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَافَانِي مِنْهُ وَقَدْ حَوَّلْتُ عِيَالِي مِنْ مَنْزِلِي إِلَى قُبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرَابِ الأنْصَارِ وَقَدْ حَمَلْتُ كُلَّ مَا أَمْلِكُ فَأَنَا بَائِعٌ دَارِي وَجَمِيعَ مَا أَمْلِكُ فَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) انْطَلِقْ وَقَوِّمْ مَنْزِلَكَ وَجَمِيعَ مَتَاعِكَ وَمَا تَمْلِكُ بِقِيمَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ وَاعْرِفْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ اعْمِدْ إِلَى صَحِيفَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ فَاكْتُبْ فِيهَا جُمْلَةَ مَا قَوَّمْتَ ثُمَّ انْظُرْ إِلَى أَوْثَقِ النَّاسِ فِي نَفْسِكَ فَادْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ الصَّحِيفَةَ وَأَوْصِهِ وَمُرْهُ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِكَ حَدَثُ الْمَوْتِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ مَنْزِلَكَ وَجَمِيعَ مَا تَمْلِكُ فَيَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ عَنْكَ ثُمَّ ارْجِعْ إِلَى مَنْزِلِكَ وَقُمْ فِي مَالِكَ عَلَى مَا كُنْتَ فِيهِ فَكُلْ أَنْتَ وَعِيَالُكَ مِثْلَ مَا كُنْتَ تَأْكُلُ ثُمَّ انْظُرْ بِكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ تَصَدَّقُ بِهِ فِيمَا تَسْتَقْبِلُ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ صِلَةِ قَرَابَةٍ أَوْ فِي وُجُوهِ الْبِرِّ فَاكْتُبْ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ وَأَحْصِهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ رَأْسُ السَّنَةِ فَانْطَلِقْ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي أَوْصَيْتَ إِلَيْهِ فَمُرْهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ إِلَيْكَ الصَّحِيفَةَ ثُمَّ اكْتُبْ فِيهَا جُمْلَةَ مَا تَصَدَّقْتَ وَأَخْرَجْتَ مِنْ صِلَةِ قَرَابَةٍ أَوْ بِرٍّ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ ثُمَّ افْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ حَتَّى تَفِيَ للهِ بِجَمِيعِ مَا نَذَرْتَ فِيهِ وَيَبْقَى لَكَ مَنْزِلُكَ وَمَالُكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَرَّجْتَ عَنِّي يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ جَعَلَنِيَ اللهُ فِدَاكَ.

23. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Khath‘amiy who has narrated the following: “Once we were with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in a group when a man came who was of the Mawali of abu Ja‘far (a.s.). He offered Salam (the phrase of offering greeting of peace), sat down, wept and said, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. I made a covenant with Allah that if He gives me recovery from my illness because of which I was afraid for my life, to give in charity all of my belongings and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, granted me recovery from the illness. I have moved my family from my house to a ruined dome of al-Ansar (people of al- Madinah). I have carried all of my belongings and I am selling my house and all that I own to give them in charity.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Go and appraise your house, all of your assets and belongings for a fair price and make it certain. Thereafter find a white sheet and write on it all that you have appraised, then find the most trustworthy person known to you among people arround you, then give the sheet to him and make a will. Instruct him that if something happened to you (death), to sell your house and all that belongs to you and give in charity on your behalf. Thereafter move back to your house to live as before with your family and maintain your family as before, but make a list of what you spend and pay as charity, or gifts to relatives or for good causes, write them down all and calculate them. At the end of the year go to the executor of the will you have made and instruct him to deduct from the total on the list what you have spent as such for charity as mentioned in that year. Thereafter, every year you must do the same things until you fulfill all of what you had committed to do for Allah in the form of vow and commitment. In this way your house will remain for you as well as your other assets, if Allah so wills.’ The man then said, ‘You have released me from my entanglement, O child of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause.’” 

24- عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ إِنَّ أُمِّي كَانَتْ جَعَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا نَذْراً نَذَرَتْ للهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي بَعْضِ وُلْدِهَا فِي شَيْ‏ءٍ كَانَتْ تَخَافُهُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ تَصُومَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ فِيهِ عَلَيْهَا مَا بَقِيَتْ فَخَرَجَتْ مَعَنَا إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَشْكَلَ عَلَيْنَا صِيَامُهَا فِي السَّفَرِ فَلَمْ تَدْرِ تَصُومُ أَوْ تُفْطِرُ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لا تَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ وَضَعَ عَنْهَا حَقَّهُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَتَصُومُ هِيَ مَا جَعَلَتْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَمَا ذَا إِذَا قَدِمَتْ إِنْ تَرَكَتْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لا إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تَرَى فِي وَلَدِهَا الَّذِي نَذَرَتْ فِيهِ بَعْضَ مَا تَكْرَهُ.

24. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “My mother had made a vow and commitment. She had made a commitment for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, about one of her children because of fear of something for him. She said that from that day on, she will fast all the time as long as she lives. She came out with us to Makkah, her fasting on the journey made us face questions, and she did not know if she must fast or not. I asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘She must not fast on a journey. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has exempted her from His right during a journey; but she must fast otherwise for what she has committed herself to.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if she ignores her commitment? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, I fear that she may experience in her child that which made her to form such commitment.’” 

25- عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) كَانَتْ لِي جَارِيَةٌ حُبْلَى فَنَذَرْتُ للهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِنْ وَلَدَتْ غُلاماً أَنْ أُحِجَّهُ أَوْ أَحُجَّ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلا نَذَرَ للهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي ابْنٍ لَهُ إِنْ هُوَ أَدْرَكَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ عَنْهُ أَوْ يُحِجَّهُ فَمَاتَ الأبُ وَأَدْرَكَ الْغُلامُ بَعْدُ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) الْغُلامُ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنْ يُحَجَّ عَنْهُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ أَبُوهُ. 

25. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma‘ who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of my girl who was pregnant and I made a vow and commitment for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, that if she gives birth to a boy, I will help him to perform al-Hajj or I will perform al-Hajj on his behalf. He (the Imam) said, ‘A man made a vow and commitment for Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, about his son that if he matures he will perform al-Hajj for him or help him to perform al-Hajj. The father died and the boy became mature thereafter and came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, who commanded him to perform al-Hajj by means of what his father has left behind.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 7

Book 7, Chapter 17