The Will and What it Must Consist of

The Witness for the Will

A Man Makes a Will and Appoints an Executor but he Refuses to Accept it

The Owner is more Rightful to his Property as Long as he is Living

Making a Will for the Heir

The Matters for which one can Make a Will and what is Preferable in the Issue

Another Chapter

A Man Makes a Will, then Cancels it

If the Beneficiary of a Will dies before the Death of the Testator or before Taking Possession

Executing the Will as it Requires

A Will for Setting free Slaves, Charity or al-Hajj

The Executor of the Will must Correct the Possible Violation of the Law in the Will

An Executor of the Will is held Responsible for Changing a Lawful Will

Al-Mudabbar (the Slave for whose Freedom Death of the Master is a Condition) is from One Third of the Legacy

First the Shroud, then Debts, then Will is paid for from the Legacy

The Will and Debts

One Who Sets Free a Slave and He is Indebted

The Will about a Contracted Slave

The Will of Immature Boys and Girls, the Lawful and Unlawful Matters in it

Will in Favor of Mothers of Children

The Matters Permissible in Endowment, Charity, Gift, Present, Providing Conditional Housing and Matters Permissible or otherwise for a Child and others

The Will for a Part of One’s Assets

The Will about Something of One’s Legacy

The Will about a Share of One’s Legacy

One in His Illness Confesses His Indebtedness to One of his Heirs

When certain ones of the Heirs Confirm Freeing of a Slave or Debts

The Case of One Who Leaves very Little Legacy with a Larger Amount of Debt and Dependents

The Adults whose Will is not Acceptable

Distribution of What is Bequeathed To Relatives

The Case of one who Makes a Bequest for an Adult with whom a Child must Share

The Case of One’s Appointing Two Executors for the Will, Each of whom Deals with a Certain Portion of the Legacy

Charities of the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, Fatimah and ‘A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Things that Reach a Deceased after his Death

The Rare Ahadith

The Case of One who Dies without a Will, Leaves behind Small Heirs and it is Sold upon Him

The Executor of the Will Hands over the Assets of Children who were Small, now Adults, but they Refuse to Take Charge, the Children who Become Adults but are not Found to be of Proper Understanding, the Limit of Adulthood

The Ordained Shares

The Legacy Comes from the Share of the One Nearest in Relationship to Him and that the Owner of Ordained Share is more Deserving than those who do not have any Ordained Share

Obligations are not Fulfilled without the Sword

Invalidity of Deficiency (in the Ordained Shares)

Another Chapter on Invalidity of al-‘Awl (deficiency or excess) and the Ordained Shares are not more than Six

Knowing to Avoid Deficiency

With the Existence of a Child and Parents no one Else Inherits Except a Husband and Wife

The Reason Why Ordained Shares are not more than Six

The Reason Why a Male’s Share is Twice the Share of a Female

The Legacy is Just for the Eldest Son

The Share of Children from the Legacy

The Share of Grandchildren in the legacy

Inheritance of Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Brothers and Sisters from the Father and Brothers and Sisters from the Mother

The Inheritance of a Son with both Parents

Inheritance of the Son, with Husband and Woman and Both Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Husband and Wife

AI-Kalalah (Burdensome one’s in Inheritance)

Inheritance of Brothers and Sisters with Children

Inheritance of the Grandfather

Brothers from a Mother with the Grandfather

Son of a Brother with a Grandfather

Inheritance of Relatives

A Woman Leaves Behind Just her Husband

A Deceased Leaves behind Just his Wife

Women do not Inherit Anything from Real Property

Dispute of Man and Woman over Household Items

Inheritance of a Boy and a Girl who are not yet Mature

The Inheritance of a Married and Mature Female before going to Bed

Inheritance of Women Divorced during Illness or without Illness

Inheritance of Relatives with Mawali

Inheritance of People Drowned and because of the Collapse of a Structure on them

Inheritance of People Killed, those who Inherit and those who do not Inherit from the Wergild

The Inheritance of a Killer

Inheritance of People of other Religions

Another Chapter on Inheritance of People of other Religions

The Inheritance of the People of Religion among them according to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Holy Prophet

If a Deceased Leaves Behind Muslim and non-Muslim Heirs

Inheritance of Slaves

The Free and Slaves do not Inherit each other

Deceased leaves Behind One Free and One Owned Heir

The Inheritance Due to Special Contract

Inheritance of an Apostate

Inheritance of One who is Lost

Inheritance of the Crying Newborn Child

Inheritance of Hermaphrodite

Inheritance of the Child of Parents who Condemn Each other (al -Mula‘anah (condemnation))

Another Chapter about the Child of Mula‘anah (condemnation)

Inheritance of a Child from Fornication

The Case of a Child Carried away from his Birthplace ( al-Hamil )

Confirming of Certain Heir a Debt

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ نَشَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) صَحِيفَةً فَأَوَّلُ مَا تَلَقَّانِي فِيهَا ابْنُ أَخٍ وَجَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ الْقُضَاةَ عِنْدَنَا لا يَقْضُونَ لابْنِ الأخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَإِمْلاءُ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه).

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Once, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), made a book available to the public. I found in it that the son of a brother and a grandfather share a legacy in equal shares. I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, the judges do not judge for the son of brothers with a grandfather anything.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This book is in handwriting of Ali (a.s.), as dictated to him by the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.”’ 

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) كَانَ يُوَرِّثُ ابْنَ الأخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ مِيرَاثَ أَبِيهِ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), would make the son of a brother to inherit the share of his father with a grandfather.’” 

14- 3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي جَابِرٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَلَمْ يُكَذَّبْ [جَابِرٌ] أَنَّ ابْنَ الأخِ يُقَاسِمُ الْجَدَّ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that Jabir narrated to me from the Messenger of Allah (saww) and he [Jabir] did not lie, that the son of a brother distributes the legacy with a grandfather.’” 

4- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ رَوَى أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَخٍ وَجَدٍّ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ.

4. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah who has said that abu Shu’ayb has narrated from Rifa‘ah, from Aban ibn Taghlib who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a son of a brother and a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy between them is half and half.’” 

5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى صَحِيفَةٍ يَنْظُرُ فِيهَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَقَرَأْتُ فِيهَا مَكْتُوباً ابْنُ أَخٍ وَجَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ فَقُلْتُ لأبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا لا يَقْضُونَ بِهَذَا الْقَضَاءِ وَلا يَجْعَلُونَ لابْنِ الأخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِمْلاءُ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَخَطُّ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مِنْ فِيهِ بِيَدِهِ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once looked in a book in which abu Ja‘far (a.s.), was looking and I read therein that a son of a brother and grandfather share the legacy in equal ratios. I then said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘People around us do not judge with such judgment and they do not give to a son of a brother anything with a grandfather.’ Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), said, ‘This is the dictation of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, in the handwriting of Ali (a.s.), from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah with his (Ali’s) hand.’” 

6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلا يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَوْ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَأَنَا عِنْدَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَخٍ وَجَدٍّ قَالَ يُجْعَلُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ.

6. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from abu al-Mighra’ from Sama‘ah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once heard a man asking abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, when I was with him (the Imam), about the son of a brother and a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy is made half and half between the two of them.’” 

7- الْفَضْلُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ فِي بَنَاتِ أُخْتٍ وَجَدٍّ فَقَالَ لِبَنَاتِ الأخْتِ الثُّلُثُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْجَدِّ فَأَقَامَ بَنَاتِ الأخْتِ مَقَامَ الأخْتِ وَجَعَلَ الْجَدَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الأخِ.

7. Al-Fadl has narrated from ibn Mahbub from Sa‘d ibn abu Khalaf from certain persons of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who has narrated the following: “About the case of daughters of a sister and a grandfather, abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The daughter of a sister receives one-third and the rest is for the grandfather; the daughters of the sister take the place of the sister and have made the grandfather like a brother.”’ 

8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مُمْلَكَةٍ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا مَاتَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ أُمَّهَا وَأَخَوَيْنِ لَهَا مِنْ أَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا وَجَدَّهَا أَبَا أُمِّهَا وَزَوْجَهَا قَالَ يُعْطَى الزَّوْجُ النِّصْفَ وَتُعْطَى الأمُّ الْبَاقِيَ وَلا يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ شَيْئاً لأنَّ ابْنَتَهُ حَجَبَتْهُ عَنِ الْمِيرَاثِ وَلا يُعْطَى الإخْوَةُ شَيْئاً.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from al-Hassan ibn Salih who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who is married, but before going to bed with her husband, has died leaving behind her mother, two brothers from her father and mother and her grandfather, who is the father of her mother, and her husband. He (the Imam) said, ‘The husband receives one-half and the rest belongs to her mother. The grandfather does not receive anything; his daughter bars him from inheritance and brothers do not receive anything.’” 

9- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَعَمَّهُ وَجَدَّهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ حَجَبَ الأبُ الْجَدَّ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلأبِ وَلَيْسَ لِلْعَمِّ وَلا لِلْجَدِّ شَيْ‏ءٌ.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his father, his uncle and grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The father bars the grandfather. The legacy belongs to the father and there is nothing for the uncle and grandfather.’” 

10- وَعَنْهُ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) امْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأَبَوَيْهَا أَوْ جَدَّهَا أَوْ جَدَّتَهَا كَيْفَ يُقْسَمُ مِيرَاثُهَا فَوَقَّعَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلأبَوَيْنِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَيْضاً أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّ وَالْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ.

10. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith and Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah all from Ibrahim from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to abu Muhammad (a.s.), and asked that a woman has died leaving behind her husband, her parents or her grandfather or her grandmother; how is the legacy distributed? He (the Imam) (a.s.), signed the answer that said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half and the rest belongs to the parents. It is also narrated that the Messenger of Allah, provided for the grandfather and grandmother one-sixth.’” 

11- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ.

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother with one-sixth.’” 

12- عَنْهُ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الأبِ السُّدُسَ وَابْنُهَا حَيٌّ وَأَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الأمِّ السُّدُسَ وَابْنَتُهَا حَيَّةٌ.

12. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Jamil ibn Darraj who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother, mother of the father, one-sixth when his son was alive and provided for the grandmother, mother of the mother, one-sixth when her daughter was alive.’” 

13- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا شَيْئاً.

13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother one-sixth but did not sanction anything for her.’” 

14- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ طُعْمَةً.

14. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ibn Faddal from ‘Abd Alfah ibn af-Mughirah from Musa ibn Bakr from Zurarah who has narrated the foffowing: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘The Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother one-sixth as food.’” 

15- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَعِنْدَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ إِنَّ ابْنَتِي هَلَكَتْ وَأُمِّي حَيَّةٌ فَقَالَ أَبَانٌ لَيْسَ لأمِّكَ شَيْ‏ءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) سُبْحَانَ اللهِ أَعْطِهَا السُّدُسَ.

15. Afi ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Sa‘d ibn abu Khalaf from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has narrated the following: “I once visited abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when Aban ibn Taghlib was with him (the Imam) and I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, my daughter has died and my mother is alive.’ Aban said, ‘There is nothing for your mother.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, give her one-sixth.’” 

16- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ أَرْبَعُ جَدَّاتٍ ثِنْتَيْنِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الأمِّ وَثِنْتَيْنِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الأبِ طُرِحَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الأمِّ بِالْقُرْعَةِ فَكَانَ السُّدُسُ بَيْنَ الثَّلاثَةِ وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَجْدَادٍ أُسْقِطَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الأمِّ بِالْقُرْعَةِ وَكَانَ السُّدُسُ بَيْنَ الثَّلاثَةِ. هَذَا قَدْ رُوِيَ وَهِيَ أَخْبَارٌ صَحِيحَةٌ إِلا أَنَّ إِجْمَاعَ الْعِصَابَةِ أَنَّ مَنْزِلَةَ الْجَدِّ مَنْزِلَةُ الأخِ مِنَ الأبِ يَرِثُ مِيرَاثَ الأخِ وَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَنْزِلَةُ الْجَدِّ مَنْزِلَةَ الأخِ مِنَ الأبِ يَرِثُ مَا يَرِثُ الأخُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ أَخْبَاراً خَاصَّةً إِلا أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا. أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّ السُّدُسَ مَعَ الأبِ وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ. وَلَيْسَ هَذَا أَيْضاً مِمَّا يُوَافِقُ إِجْمَاعَ الْعِصَابَةِ أَنَّ مَنْزِلَةَ الأخِ وَالْجَدِّ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَالَ يُونُسُ إِنَّ الْجَدَّ يُنَزَّلُ مَنْزِلَةَ الأخِ بِتَقَرُّبِهِ بِالْقَرَابَةِ الَّتِي رَأَى بِمِثْلِهَا يَتَقَرَّبُ الأخُ وَبِمُسَاوَاتِهِ إِيَّاهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ قَرَابَتِهِ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَلِذَلِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَى تَسْمِيَةِ سَهْمِهِ حَاجَةٌ مَعَ الإخْوَةِ لأنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِمْ فِي الْقَرَابَةِ وَهُوَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ يُنَزَّلُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الذَّكَرِ مِنْهُمْ مَا بَلَغُوا كَمَا سَمَّى اللهُ سَهْمَ الأبَوَيْنِ فَسَمَّى سَهْمَ الأمِّ فَقَالَ لِلأمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَكَنَّى عَنْ تَسْمِيَةِ سَهْمِ الأبِ وَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ سَهْمٌ مَفْرُوضٌ فَكَذَلِكَ سَمَّى اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِيرَاثَ الأخِ وَكَنَّى عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدِّ لأنَّهُ يَجْرِي مَجْرَاهُ وَهُوَ نَظِيرُهُ وَمِثْلُهُ فِي وَجْهِ الْقَرَابَةِ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ سَوَاءً هَذَا قَرَابَتُهُ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ بِالأبِ وَهَذَا قَرَابَتُهُ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ بِالأبِ فَصَارَتْ قَرَابَتُهُمَا إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ مِنْ جِهَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَلِذَلِكَ اسْتَوَيَا فِي الْمِيرَاثِ وَأَمَّا اسْتِوَاءُ ابْنِ الأخِ وَالْجَدِّ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ سَوَاءً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ غَيْرُهُمَا صَارَا شَرِيكَيْنِ فِي اسْتِوَاءِ الْمِيرَاثِ لأنَّ الْعِلَّةَ فِي اسْتِوَاءِ ابْنِ الأخِ وَالْجَدِّ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ غَيْرُ عِلَّةِ اسْتِوَاءِ الأخِ وَالْجَدِّ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ فَاسْتِوَاءُ الْجَدِّ وَالأخِ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ سَوَاءً مِنْ جِهَةِ قَرَابَتِهِمَا سَوَاءً وَاسْتِوَاءُ الْجَدِّ وَابْنِ الأخِ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَرِثُ مِيرَاثَ مَنْ سَمَّى اللهُ لَهُ سَهْماً فَالْجَدُّ يَرِثُ مِيرَاثَ الأبِ لأنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى سَمَّى لِلأبِ سَهْماً مُسَمًّى وَوَرِثَ ابْنُ الأخِ مِيرَاثَ الأخِ لأنَّ اللهَ سَمَّى لِلأخِ سَهْماً مُسَمًّى فَوَرِثَ الْجَدُّ مَعَ الأخِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْقَرَابَةِ وَوَرِثَ ابْنُ الأخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ مِنْ جِهَةِ وَجْهِ تَسْمِيَةِ سَهْمِ الأخِ وَالْجَدُّ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ مِنِ ابْنِ الأخِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْقَرَابَةِ وَلَيْسَ هُوَ أَقْرَبَ مِنْهُ إِلَى مَنْ سَمَّى اللهُ لَهُ سَهْماً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَوِيَا مِنْ وَجْهِ الْقَرَابَةِ فَقَدِ اسْتَوَيَا مِنْ جِهَةِ قَرَابَةِ مَنْ سَمَّى اللهُ لَهُ سَهْماً وَقَالَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ إِنَّ الْجَدَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الأخِ يَرِثُ حَيْثُ يَرِثُ الأخُ وَيَسْقُطُ حَيْثُ يَسْقُطُ الأخُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الأخَ يَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ بِأَبِي الْمَيِّتِ وَكَذَلِكَ الْجَدُّ يَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ بِأَبِي الْمَيِّتِ فَلَمَّا أَنِ اسْتَوَيَا فِي الْقَرَابَةِ وَتَقَرَّبَا مِنْ جِهَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ كَانَ فَرْضُهُمَا وَحُكْمُهُمَا وَاحِداً قَالَ فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَلِمَ لا تُحْجَبُ الأمُّ بِالْجَدِّ وَالأخِ أَوْ بِالْجَدَّيْنِ كَمَا تُحْجَبُ بِالأخَوَيْنِ قِيلَ لَهُ لأنَّهُ لا يَكُونُ فِي الأجْدَادِ مَنْ يَقُومُ مَقَامَ الأخَوَيْنِ لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ لأنَّ الْجَدَّ أَبَا الأمِّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَخٍ لأمٍّ وَالإخْوَةُ مِنَ الأمِّ لا يَحْجُبُونَ وَالْجَدُّ وَإِنْ قَامَ مَقَامَ الأخِ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِأَخٍ وَإِنَّمَا حَجَبَ اللهُ بِالإخْوَةِ لأنَّ كَلَّهُمْ عَلَى الأبِ فَوَفَّرَ عَلَى الأبِ لِمَا يَلْزَمُهُ مِنْ مَئُونَتِهِمْ وَلَيْسَ كَلُّ الْجَدِّ عَلَى الأبِ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ وَلَمَّا أَنْ ذَكَرَ اللهُ الإمَاءَ فَقَالَ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ ما عَلَى الْمُحْصَناتِ مِنَ الْعَذابِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْحَدَّ عَلَى الْعَبِيدِ وَكَانَ الْعَبِيدُ فِي مَعْنَاهُنَّ فِي الرِّقِّ فَلَزِمَ الْعَبِيدَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا لَزِمَ الإمَاءَ إِذَا كَانَتْ عِلَّتُهُمَا وَمَعْنَاهُمَا وَاحِداً وَاسْتَغْنَى بِذِكْرِ الإمَاءِ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الْعَبِيدِ وَكَذَلِكَ الْجَدُّ لَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ فِي مَعْنَى الأخِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْقَرَابَةِ وَجِهَةِ مَنْ يَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَى الْمَيِّتِ كَانَ فِي ذِكْرِ الأخِ غِنًى عَنْ ذِكْرِ الْجَدِّ وَدَلالَةٌ عَلَى فَرْضِهِ إِذَا كَانَ فِي مَعْنَى الأخِ كَمَا كَانَ فِي ذِكْرِ الإمَاءِ غِنًى عَنْ ذِكْرِ الْعَبِيدِ فِي الْحُدُودِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ. فَإِنْ مَاتَ رَجُلٌ وَتَرَكَ جَدّاً وَأَخاً فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ كَانُوا أَلْفَ أَخٍ وَجَدٍّ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَالْجَدُّ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنَ الإخْوَةِ وَلِلإخْوَةِ مِنَ الأمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الْمُسَمَّاةُ لَهُمْ مَعَ الْجَدِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ جَدّاً وَأُخْتاً لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأنْثَيَيْنِ وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ تَرَكَ جَدّاً وَأَخَوَاتٍ لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ أَوْ أَخَوَاتٍ لأبٍ بَالِغاً مَا بَلَغُوا فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ جَدّاً وَأَخاً لأمٍّ أَوْ أُخْتاً لأمٍّ فَلِلأخِ أَوِ الأخْتِ مِنَ الأمِّ السُّدُسُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْجَدِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتَيْنِ أَوْ أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ إِخْوَةً وَأَخَوَاتٍ لأمٍّ وَجَدّاً فَلِلإخْوَةِ وَالأخَوَاتِ مِنَ الأمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَالأنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْجَدِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ جَدّاً وَابْنَ أَخٍ لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ لأنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا أَنَّ ابْنَ الأخِ يَقُومُ مَقَامَ الأخِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ الأخُ كَمَا يَقُومُ ابْنُ الابْنِ مَقَامَ الابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ ابْنٌ وَهَذَا أَصْلٌ مُجْمَعٌ عَلَيْهِ وَالْجَدَّةُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الأخْتِ تَرِثُ حَيْثُ تَرِثُ الأخْتُ وَتَسْقُطُ حَيْثُ تَسْقُطُ الأخْتُ وَحُكْمُهَا فِي ذَلِكَ كَحُكْمِ الْجَدِّ سَوَاءً وَالْجَدَّةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الأمِّ وَهِيَ أُمُّ الأمِّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الأخْتِ لِلأمِّ وَالْجَدَّةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الأبِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الأخْتِ لِلأبِ وَالأمِّ عَلَى هَذَا تَجْرِي مَوَارِيثُهُنَّ فِي كُلِّ مَوْضِعٍ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ ثَلاثُ جَدَّاتٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ جَدَّاتٍ لَمْ يَرِثْ مِنْهُنَّ إِلا جَدَّتَانِ أُمُّ الأبِ وَأُمُّ الأمِّ وَسَقَطْنَ الْبَاقِيَاتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ جَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أَبِيهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أُمِّهِ فَلأمِّ الأمِّ السُّدُسُ وَلأمِّ الأبِ النِّصْفُ وَمَا بَقِيَ رُدَّ عَلَيْهِمَا عَلَى قَدْرِ أَنْصِبَائِهِمَا لأنَّ هَذَا مِثْلُ مَنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتاً لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأُخْتاً لأمٍّ وَهَذَا الْبَابُ كُلُّهُ عَلَى مِثَالِ مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ مِنَ الإخْوَةِ وَالأخَوَاتِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتَيْهِ لأمِّهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أُمِّهِ وَأُخْتَيْهِ لأبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أَبِيهِ فَلأخْتَيْهِ لأمِّهِ وَجَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ أُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ بَيْنَهُنَّ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَلأخْتَيْهِ لأبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَجَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ أَبِيهِ الثُّلُثَانِ بَيْنَهُنَّ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتاً لأبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَجَدَّهُ أَبَا أَبِيهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أَبِيهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أُمِّهِ فَلِجَدَّتِهِ. أُمِّ أُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ لأنَّهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُخْتِ الأمِّ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَبَيْنَ الأخْتِ وَالْجَدِّ وَالْجَدَّةِ أُمِّ الأبِ وَأَبِي الأبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتَيْهِ لأبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَأَخَاهُ وَأُخْتَهُ لأبِيهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أَبِيهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أُمِّهِ فَإِنَّ لِجَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ أُمِّهِ السُّدُسَ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَبَيْنَ الأخْتَيْنِ لِلأبِ وَالأمِّ وَالْجَدَّةِ أُمِّ الأبِ بَيْنَهُنَّ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَسَقَطَ الإخْوَةُ وَالأخَوَاتُ مِنَ الأبِ وَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتَهُ لأبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَجَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أُمِّهِ فَلِجَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ أُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ فَإِنَّهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الأخْتِ لأمٍّ وَلِلأخْتِ لِلأبِ وَالأمِّ النِّصْفُ وَمَا بَقِيَ رُدَّ عَلَيْهِمَا عَلَى قَدْرِ أَنْصِبَائِهِمَا فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُمّاً وَامْرَأَةً وَأَخاً وَجَدّاً فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَلِلأمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَمَا بَقِيَ رُدَّ عَلَى الأمِّ لأنَّهَا أَقْرَبُ الأرْحَامِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُمّاً وَأَخاً لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخاً لأبٍ وَجَدّاً فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلأمِّ وَإِنْ تَرَكَ زَوْجاً وَأُمّاً وَأُخْتاً لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَجَدّاً [وَهِيَ كَالأكْدَرِيَّةِ] فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلأمِّ وَسَقَطَ الْبَاقُونَ لأنَّهُمْ لا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الأمِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ جَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أُمِّهِ وَابْنَةَ ابْنَتِهِ فَالْمَالُ لابْنَةِ الابْنَةِ لأنَّ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الأمِّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُخْتٍ لأمٍّ وَالأخْتُ لِلأمِّ لا تَرِثُ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ وَلا مَعَ وَلَدِ الْوَلَدِ شَيْئاً فَإِنْ تَرَكَ جَدَّتَهُ أُمَّ أَبِيهِ وَعَمَّتَهُ وَخَالَتَهُ فَالْمَالُ لِلْجَدَّةِ وَجَعَلَ يُونُسُ الْمَالَ بَيْنَهُنَّ قَالَ الْفَضْلُ غَلِطَ هَاهُنَا فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ لِلْخَالَةِ وَالْعَمَّةِ مَعَ الْجَدَّةِ أُمِّ الأبِ نَصِيباً وَالثَّانِي أَنَّهُ سَوَّى بَيْنَ الْجَدَّةِ وَالْعَمَّةِ وَالْعَمَّةُ إِنَّمَا تَتَقَرَّبُ بِالْجَدَّةِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ابْنَ ابْنِ ابْنٍ وَجَدّاً أَبَا الأبِ قَالَ يُونُسُ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْجَدِّ قَالَ الْفَضْلُ غَلِطَ فِي ذَلِكَ لأنَّ الْجَدَّ لا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ وَلا مَعَ وَلَدِ الْوَلَدِ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لابْنِ ابْنِ الابْنِ وَإِنْ سَفَلَ لأنَّهُ وَلَدٌ وَالْجَدُّ إِنَّمَا هُوَ كَالأخِ وَلا خِلافَ أَنَّ ابْنَ ابْنِ الابْنِ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنَ الأخِ. 

16. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Asbat from ’Isma‘il ibn Mansur from certain persons of his people who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When four grandmothers come together, two from the side of the mother and two from the side of the father, one by means of raffle is reduced from the side of the mother, then one-sixth will be distributed among the three. Also if four grandfathers come together, one by means of raffle is reduced from the side of the mother, and the one-sixth is distributed among the three.’” [Note: The next several pages of the Arabic text are the words of our scholars and are not translated.] 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 7

Book 2, Chapter 23