Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ هَاجَرَ وَتَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَحِقَتْ بِهِ بَعْدُ أَيُمْسِكُهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ الأوَّلِ أَوْ تَنْقَطِعُ عِصْمَتُهَا قَالَ يُمْسِكُهَا وَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who migrates and leaves his wife with the pagans, then afterward she joins him; if he can keep her with first marriage or her safety is cut off. He (the Imam) said, ’He can keep her and she is his wife.’” 

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتِ امْرَأَةٌ وَزَوْجُهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ الإسْلامِ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ هَاجَرَ وَتَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَحِقَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ أَيُمْسِكُهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ الأوَّلِ أَوْ تَنْقَطِعُ عِصْمَتُهَا قَالَ بَلْ يُمْسِكُهَا وَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a woman becomes Muslim and she is married in a way that is an un-Islamic way, they must be separated.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who migrates and leaves his wife among the pagans, then she joins him; if he can keep her with the first marriage or that her safety is cut off. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can keep her; she is his wife.’” 

3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجُوسِيٍّ أَوْ مُشْرِكٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَأَسْلَمَ أَوْ أَسْلَمَتْ قَالَ يُنْتَظَرُ بِذَلِكَ انْقِضَاءُ عِدَّتِهَا وَإِنْ هُوَ أَسْلَمَ أَوْ أَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا فَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا الأوَّلِ وَإِنْ هُوَ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْعِدَّةُ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is a Majusiy (Zoroastrian) or a pagan, other than the people of the book, who had a woman, he becomes a Muslim or she become a Muslim. He (the Imam) said, ‘He waits for completion of waiting period if he is a Muslim or she becomes a Muslim before waiting period is complete then they remain with their first marriage; and if he does not become a Muslim when the waiting period is complete, she becomes stranger to him.’” 

4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي نَصْرَانِيٍّ تَزَوَّجَ نَصْرَانِيَّةً فَأَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ قَدِ انْقَطَعَتْ عِصْمَتُهَا مِنْهُ وَلا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَلا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْهُ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “About the case of a man who is a Christian and marries a Christian woman who then becomes a Muslim before his going to bed with her, abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘The hindrance from him on her way is removed, she has no mahr (dower) and no waiting period because of him.’” 

5- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ أَوْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ يَتَزَوَّجُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا امْرَأَةً وَأَمْهَرَهَا خَمْراً وَخَنَازِيرَ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَا فَقَالَ النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ حَلالٌ لا يَحْرُمُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْخَمْرِ وَلا مِنْ قِبَلِ الْخَنَازِيرِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهَا الْخَمْرَ وَالْخَنَازِيرَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَسْلَمَا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهَا شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَكِنْ يُعْطِيهَا صَدَاقَهَا.

5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “A man once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of two men of taxpayers or of those in the state of war who each married a woman and assigned a mahr (dower) in the form of wine and pigs; then they became Muslims. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is permissible and lawful and it does not become unlawful because of wine and pigs.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If they both become Muslims he must pay her something, that is, he must pay her mahr (dower).”’ 

6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي مَجُوسِيَّةٍ أَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لِزَوْجِهَا أَسْلِمْ فَأَبَى زَوْجُهَا أَنْ يُسْلِمَ فَقَضَى لَهَا عَلَيْهِ نِصْفَ الصَّدَاقِ وَقَالَ لَمْ يَزِدْهَا الإسْلامُ إِلا عِزّاً.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that about the case of a Zoroastrian woman who became a Muslim before he went to bed with her ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), said to her husband to become a Muslim, but he refused so he (the Imam) judged in her favor half of the mahr (dower) and said, ‘Islam has not brought to her anything but honor.’” 

7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ هِلالٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي مَجُوسِيٍّ أَسْلَمَ وَلَهُ سَبْعُ نِسْوَةٍ وَأَسْلَمْنَ مَعَهُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يُمْسِكُ أَرْبَعاً وَيُطَلِّقُ ثَلاثاً.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has said the following: “About the case of a Zoroastrian man who became a Muslim and he had seven wives who also became Muslims, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He could keep four and divorce three of them/” 

8- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ الذِّمِّيُّ تَكُونُ لَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ الذِّمِّيَّةُ فَتُسْلِمُ امْرَأَتُهُ قَالَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ وَلا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهَا بِاللَّيْلِ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ الرَّجُلُ وَلَمْ تُسْلِمِ الْمَرْأَةُ يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ عِنْدَهَا بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a taxpayer man who had a taxpayer wife and she became a Muslim, he (the Imam) said, ‘She is his wife who stays with him during the day but not during the night.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If the man becomes a Muslim he stays with her during the night as well as the day.’” 

9- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ رُومِيِّ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) النَّصْرَانِيُّ يَتَزَوَّجُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ عَلَى ثَلاثِينَ دَنّاً مِنْ خَمْرٍ وَثَلاثِينَ خِنْزِيراً ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا قَالَ يَنْظُرُ كَمْ قِيمَةُ الْخَمْرِ وَكَمْ قِيمَةُ الْخَنَازِيرِ فَيُرْسِلُ بِهَا إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا وَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا الأوَّلِ. 

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al- Jawhariy from Rumiy ibn Zurarah who has said the following: ‘This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is a Christian and marries a Christian woman for thirty sacks of wine and thirty pigs; then they become Muslims and he has not yet gone to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must find out how much the value of wine and pigs is. He must send them to her, then he can go to bed with her and they remain with their first marriage.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 3, Chapter 86