Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَجَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ صَدَاقُ النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشّاً وَالأوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً وَالنَّشُّ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً وَهُوَ نِصْفُ الأوقِيَّةِ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman and Jamil ibn Darraj from Hudhayfah ibn Mansur who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The amount of mahr (dower) the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, paid was twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha. Al-Awqiyah is equal to forty dirham and one al-Nashsha is equal to twenty dirham and it is equal to one-half of al- Awqiyah.’” 

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ سَاقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِلَى أَزْوَاجِهِ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشّاً وَالأوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً وَالنَّشُّ نِصْفُ الأوقِيَّةِ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ قُلْتُ بِوَزْنِنَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Mu‘awiyah ibn Wahab who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘The amount of mahr (dower) the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, paid to his wives was twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha. Al-Awqiyah is equal to forty dirham and one al-Nashsha is equal to one-half of al-Awqiyah. It was five hundred dirham/ I then asked, ‘Was it according to our weighing system?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, that is how it was.’” 

3- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الصَّدَاقِ هَلْ لَهُ وَقْتٌ قَالَ لا ثُمَّ قَالَ كَانَ صَدَاقُ النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشّاً وَالنَّشُّ نِصْفُ الأوقِيَّةِ وَالأوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً فَذَلِكَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn al- Husayn from abu al-‘Abbas who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about mahr (dower); if there is an appointed time to pay it. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, there is no particular time for it.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘The amount of mahr (dower) the Messenger of Allah paid was twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha. One al-Nashsha is equal to one-half of al-Awqiyah and al-Awqiyah is equal to forty dirham and it was five hundred dirham.’” 

4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ مَهَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) نِسَاءَهُ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشّاً وَالأوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً وَالنَّشُّ نِصْفُ الأوقِيَّةِ وَهُوَ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘The amount of mahr (dower) the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, paid to his wives was twelve Awqiyah and one Nashsha. Al-Awqiyah is equal to forty dirham and one al-Nashsha is equal to one-half of al-Awqiyah which is twenty dirham.’” 

5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ أَبِي مَا زَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) سَائِرَ بَنَاتِهِ وَلا تَزَوَّجَ شَيْئاً مِنْ نِسَائِهِ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنِ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَنَشٍّ الأوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ وَالنَّشُّ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa who has said the following: “I once heard Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that my father has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah (SW) did not give in marriage any of his daughters or marry any of his wives for a mahr (dower) of more than twelve Uqiyyahs and one Nashsh. An Uqiyyah is equal to forty dirhams and a Nashsh is equal to twenty dirhams.’” 

6- وَرَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ وَكَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ.

6. And Hammad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn abu Yahya who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The weight of dirham in those days was six.’” 

7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ مَهْرِ السُّنَّةِ كَيْفَ صَارَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَوْجَبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَلا يُكَبِّرَهُ مُؤْمِنٌ مِائَةَ تَكْبِيرَةٍ وَيُسَبِّحَهُ مِائَةَ تَسْبِيحَةٍ وَيُحَمِّدَهُ مِائَةَ تَحْمِيدَةٍ وَيُهَلِّلَهُ مِائَةَ تَهْلِيلَةٍ وَيُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ اللهُمَّ زَوِّجْنِي مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ إِلا زَوَّجَهُ اللهُ حَوْرَاءَ عَيْنٍ وَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مَهْرَهَا ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَى نَبِيِّهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنْ سُنَّ مُهُورَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَأَيُّمَا مُؤْمِنٍ خَطَبَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ حُرْمَتَهُ فَقَالَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَلَمْ يُزَوِّجْهُ فَقَدْ عَقَّهُ وَاسْتَحَقَّ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَلا يُزَوِّجَهُ حَوْرَاءَ. 

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from al-Husayn ibn Khalid and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Uthman al-Khazzaz from a man from al-Husayn ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about mahr (dower) according to Sunnah and how it has become five hundred. He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah, most Blessed, most High, has made obligatory upon Himself that if any believing person says one hundred times Takbir (Allah is great beyond description), one hundred times, Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects), one hundred times, Tahmid, (all praise belongs to Allah), one hundred times, Tahlil, (no one deserves worship except Allah) one hundred times and one hundred times, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and then says, ‘O Allah pair me up with Hur al-‘In .’ Allah pairs him up with a Hawra’ al-‘In and makes this (things he has said) as mahr (dower). Then Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, sent revelation to His Holy prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, to set mahr (dower) for the believing women at five hundred dirham. The Messenger of Allah followed the instruction and if any believing man proposes marriage to his brother in belief for his graceful daughter with five hundred dirham as mahr (dower) and he does not agree, he has caused a suspension and he will not deserve from Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, to pair him with Hur al-‘In.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 3, Chapter 45