Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُرَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ يَقْطَعُ صَاحِبُ الْعُمْرَةِ الْمُفْرَدَةِ التَّلْبِيَةَ إِذَا وَضَعَتِ الإِبِلُ أَخْفَافَهَا فِي الْحَرَمِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Murazim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that one who performs a separate al-‘Umrah should discontinue Talbiyah (here I am, O Lord, to obey Your command) as soon as the camel sets foot in al- Haram (the sacred area).” 

2ـ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ يُقْطَعُ تَلْبِيَةُ الْمُعْتَمِرِ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْحَرَمَ.

2. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘One who is performing al-‘Umrah must discontinue al- Talbiyah (here I am, O Lord, to obey Your command) when he enters al-Haram (the sacred area).’” 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ مَنِ اعْتَمَرَ مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ فَلا يَقْطَعِ التَّلْبِيَةَ حَتَّى يَنْظُرَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Am mar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who commences al-‘Umrah from al-Tan‘im must not discontinue Talbiyah until he can see the Masjid.’” 

4ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَقُولُ إِذَا قَدِمَ الْمُعْتَمِرُ مَكَّةَ وَطَافَ وَسَعَى فَإِنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَمْضِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ وَلْيَلْحَقْ بِأَهْلِهِ.

4. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Zurarah who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), say, ‘When a person performing al-‘Umrah arrives in Makkah, performs Tawaf and Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah, then if he likes, he can move on riding his means of transport and join his family.”’ 

5ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ الْعُمْرَةُ الْمَبْتُولَةُ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ثُمَّ يَحِلُّ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَرْتَحِلَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ ارْتَحَلَ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who performs al-‘Umrah al-Mabtulah, after performing Tawaf around the House and Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah, comes out of the state of Ihram; if he likes, he can leave in the same hour.’” 

6ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي الرَّجُلِ يَجِي‏ءُ مُعْتَمِراً عُمْرَةً مَبْتُولَةً قَالَ يُجْزِئُهُ إِذَا طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَسَعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ وَحَلَقَ أَنْ يَطُوفَ طَوَافاً وَاحِداً بِالْبَيْتِ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُقَصِّرَ قَصَّرَ.

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is for al-‘Umrah al-Mabtulah. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is sufficient for him to perform Tawaf around the House, Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah and shave, if he has performed one Tawaf around the House, and if he likes, he can do Taqsir (cutting some hair or finger nails and so on).”’ 

7ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ عُمَرَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ الْمُعْتَمِرُ يَطُوفُ وَيَسْعَى وَيَحْلِقُ قَالَ وَلا بُدَّ لَهُ بَعْدَ الْحَلْقِ مِنْ طَوَافٍ آخَرَ.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il from Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from ‘Umar or others who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One, who is for al-‘Umrah, must perform Tawaf, Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah and shave.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘After shaving he must perform another Tawaf.’” 

8ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رِيَاحٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُفْرِدِ الْعُمْرَةِ عَلَيْهِ طَوَافُ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from certain persons of our people from ‘Isma‘il ibn Rabah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who performs just al-‘Umrah; if he is required to perform Tawaf al-Nisa’. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he is required to do so.’” 

9ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ كَتَبَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ مُخَلَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الرَّازِيُّ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ الْمَبْتُولَةِ هَلْ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا طَوَافُ النِّسَاءِ وَالْعُمْرَةِ الَّتِي يُتَمَتَّعُ بِهَا إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَكَتَبَ أَمَّا الْعُمْرَةُ الْمَبْتُولَةُ فَعَلَى صَاحِبِهَا طَوَافُ النِّسَاءِ وَأَمَّا الَّتِي يُتَمَتَّعُ بِهَا إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا طَوَافُ النِّسَاءِ. 

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa who has said the following: “Abu al-al-Qasim Mukhallad ibn Musa al-Raziy wrote to the man (a.s.), asking him (the Imam) about al-‘Umrah al-Mabtulah: if one performing it is required to perform Tawaf al-Nisa’ and in al-‘Umrah for al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous). He (the Imam) wrote for him, ‘In al-‘Umrah al- Mabtulah one is required to perform Tawaf al-Nisa’ but one who performs al-‘Umrah for al-Hajj al- Tamattu‘ (advantageous) is not required to perform Tawaf al-Nisa’.” NOTE: (Fatwa best explains Hadith 1-9 of this and the following Chapter) 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 209