 The Cleansing Quality of Water

The Quantity of Water that Always Remains Clean

The Case of a Small Quantity of Water, the Water with a Dead Body in it and its use by a Man to Wash His Dirty Hand in it

The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)

A Well near a Cesspool

Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk

Taking Wudu’ with the Water from Which a Woman during Her Hayd (menses), People After Having Carnal Relations, a Jew, a Christian or a Person Hostile toward ’A’immah Has Drunk (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 4-6 of this chapter.)

A Man Places His Hand in the Water before Washing, the Limit of Washing Hands Because of Carnal Relations, Urination, Feces and Sleeping

Mixing of Rain Water with Urine, with Water Used for Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Carnal Relations, Touching of One’s Cloth with Water Used for Washing Because of Urine

Water of Bath Houses and Water Heated by the Sun’s Rays

Places Not Desirable to Use as a Lavatory

Expressions to Say When Entering a Lavatory and When Coming Out

Draining Urine, Washing and If One Does Not Find Water

The Quantity of Water Required for Wudu’, Showers and One Who Is Excessive in the Use of Water for Wudu’

Brushing One’s Teeth

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils

Description of Wudu’

The Area of the Face and Hands to be Washed for Wudu’

Wiping of Head and Feet

Wiping Over the Shoes

Bandages and Wounds

Facing Doubts about Wudu’ Forgetting or Mixing Proper Order

Matters that Invalidate or Do not Invalidate Wudu’

One’s Stepping over Feces or Other Such Things

Certain Fluid, Which Is Other than Urine and Semen

Kinds of Ghusl (bath)

Matters Covered by Ghusl (bath)

Necessity of Ghusl (bath) on Friday

Description of Ghusl (bath), Wudu’ Before or Thereafter and a Man’s Ghusl (bath) in an Improper Place, Expressions to Say During Taking Ghusl (bath) and Moving a Ring During Ghusl (bath)

Reason Necessitating Ghusl (bath) for Men and Women

Wet Dreams of Men and Women

Finding Fluid Coming Out after Ghusl (bath)

One after Carnal Relations Eats, Drinks, Reads, Enters a Masjid, Dyes Hair, Uses Fragrance and So On

One after Carnal Relation Sweats in His Clothes, Clothes Touch His Wet Body

Semen or Al-Madhiy Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine of Animals and Their Dung

Clothes Come in Contact with Blood and Pus

Dogs Touching Clothes, Body and So On

Description of Tayammum

When Tayammum Is Necessary and Finding Water Thereafter

One’s having Little Water on a Journey but Is Afraid of Facing Thirst

One’s Experiencing Carnal Relations and Having Only Ice

Taking Tayammum with Clay

Bandages, Injuries, One’s Suffering from Smallpox and or Experiencing Carnal Relations

Rare Ahadith about Wudu’

Chapters on Hayd (menses)

Minimum and Maximum Duration of Hayd

Women’s Experiencing Hayd After or Before Their Date of Hayd

Women Observe Yellowish Blood Before or After Hayd (menses)

First Time Hayd (menses)

Examining if Hayd (menses) has Ended or Not

Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Hayd and the Kind of Water Needed

Women Find Blood after Sexual Relation

Comprehensive Instructions About Hayd (menses) and Istihadah (irregular menses)

Signs for Differentiating Between Blood of Hayd and Istihadah

Differentiating Among Blood of Hayd, Virginity or a Wound

Pregnant Woman Finds Blood

Blood Because of Childbirth

Blood Discharge after a Woman’s Experiencing Discharge-Free Period after Childbirth and Blood Discharge before Birth or after Childbirth

Matters Necessary for Women during Hayd at the Times of Salah (prayer)

Women Find Hayd Blood after the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) Before Performing It Or Become Clean Before the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) But Are Too Lazy for Ghusl (bath)

Women Feel Hayd during Salah (Prayer)

Women Must Make-up-for Fasting Because of Hayd but Not Salah (Prayer) 

Women’s Reading the Holy Quran During Hayd or Child-birth 

Women during Hayd Can Pick up Things from a Masjid but Must Not Leave Anything Therein

Women’s Hayd (menses) Stops, Comes Again and the Time of Menopause

Women’s Using Medicine to Have Hayd (menses) after It Stops 

Using Dye during Hayd (menses) 

Washing Clothes of Women during Hayd 

Women During Hayd Pick up Prayer Rug or Water 

Causes of Death and that Believing People May Die by any Manner of Dying 

The Reward for a Person Suffering from Illness 

Another Section on the Same Subject 

The Limits of Complaints 

A Patient’s Giving Permission to His Visitors 

How Often a Patient Should Be Visited, How Long the Duration of Visitation Should Be and Complete Visit 

The Limit of a Sudden Death 

The Virtue (Reward) of Visiting a Patient 

Dictations to a Dying Person

Difficulty in Dying (If Dying Becomes Difficult and the Agony of Death Intense) 

Facing the Dying Person Toward Qiblah

A Believing Person Is Not Caused to Die Against His Will

Things that Believers and Unbelievers See in Dying Conditions

Taking out of the Souls of Believing and Unbelievers

Burial Should Take Place Immediately

Rare Ahadith

Women during Hayd Nurse a Patient (The following chapters are about rules of washing a dead body for burial, shrouding and other matters of burial, and are best explained in the form of fatwa. Consult current fatwa about them.)

Washing a Dead Body

Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding

Shrouding a Deceased Women

Undesirability of Perfuming the Shroud or Warming Water for Washing Dead Bodies

The Desirable Pieces of Shroud and the Undesirable Ones

The Amount of Water Needed for Ghusl (bath) of a Deceased Person

The Two Fresh Al-Jaridah (Twigs of Palm Tree)

Persons Dead Without Shower Due to Carnal Relations Hayd or Child Birth Reasons

Chapter 26- Dead Woman with a Baby Moving Inside Her

Cutting of Nails and Hairs of Dead Person Undesirable

Things Coming Out of a Dead Body after Ghusl (bath)

Washing of Persons of opposite Gender

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ التَّقْصِيرُ فِي بَرِيدٍ وَالْبَرِيدُ أَرْبَعَةُ فَرَاسِخَ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Salah (prayer) is reduced after traveling a distance of one barid and one barid is four farasikh (which is twelve miles).”’ 

2ـ وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَدْنَى مَا يَقْصُرُ فِيهِ الْمُسَافِرُ فَقَالَ بَرِيدٌ.

2. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the minimum distance after the traveling of which a traveler reduces his Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one barid.’” 

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ بَيْنَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ وَأَبِي عِنْدَ وَالٍ لِبَنِي أُمَيَّةَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ إِذْ جَاءَ أَبِي فَجَلَسَ فَقَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ هَذَا قُبَيْلُ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنِ التَّقْصِيرِ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ فِي ثَلاَثٍ وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ رَوْحَةٍ فَسَأَلَنِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لَمَّا نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ (عَلَيْهِم الْسَّلام) بِالتَّقْصِيرِ قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي كَمْ ذَاكَ فَقَالَ فِي بَرِيدٍ قَالَ وَأَيُّ شَيْ‏ءٍ الْبَرِيدُ قَالَ مَا بَيْنَ ظِلِّ عَيْرٍ إِلَى فَيْ‏ءِ وُعَيْرٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ عَبَرْنَا زَمَاناً ثُمَّ رَأَى [رُؤِيَ‏] بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ يَعْمَلُونَ أَعْلاَماً عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ وَأَنَّهُمْ ذَكَرُوا مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فَذَرَعُوا مَا بَيْنَ ظِلِّ عَيْرٍ إِلَى فَيْ‏ءِ وُعَيْرٍ ثُمَّ جَزَّءُوهُ إِلَى اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مِيلاً فَكَانَ ثَلاَثَةَ آلاَفٍ وَخَمْسَمِائَةِ ذِرَاعٍ كُلُّ مِيلٍ فَوَضَعُوا الأعْلاَمَ فَلَمَّا ظَهَرَ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ غَيَّرُوا أَمْرَ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ غَيْرَةً لأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ هَاشِمِيٌّ فَوَضَعُوا إِلَى جَنْبِ كُلِّ عَلَمٍ عَلَماً.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Khazzaz from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Once we were sitting and my father was with the governor of banu ‘Umayyah over the people of al-Madinah. My father came back and sat down and said, “I was in the court of this (governor) a little while ago and people asked about Taqsir (reducing Salah (prayer) on a journey after traveling a certain distance). Someone said that it is at three. Another one said that it is after traveling one day and one night. Yet another said that it is one rawhah. He (the Governor) then asked me and I said, ‘When Jibril came with Taqsir (reducing Salah (prayer) on a journey after traveling a certain distance) to the Messenger of Allah, the Holy prophet asked him, “At what distance is this?” He (Jibril) said, “It is at one barid.” He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, “What is that?” Jibril replied, “It is between the shadow of ‘Ayr (a certain mountain) to the shadow of 0‘Ayr.”’ He (the Imam) said that time passed, then it was seen that banu ‘Umayyah had placed marks on the road and mentioned what Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), had spoken of. They placed signs on the shadow of ‘Ayr and the outline of 0‘Ayr. They then divided it into twelve miles and it was three thousand and five hundred yards for each mile. They had placed signs on them. When banu Hashim appeared they changed the affairs of banu ‘Umayyah in a certain way because Hadith is from banu Hashim, thus they placed a sign next to each sign.’” (the Arabic word for yard is Dhira‘ (from the elbow to the tip of the fingers which is about eighteen inches)). 

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ سُئِلَ عَنْ حَدِّ الأمْيَالِ الَّتِي يَجِبُ فِيهَا التَّقْصِيرُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) إِنَّ رَسُولَ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) جَعَلَ حَدَّ الأمْيَالِ مِنْ ظِلِّ عَيْرٍ إِلَى ظِلِّ وُعَيْرٍ وَهُمَا جَبَلاَنِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَإِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَقَعَ ظِلُّ عَيْرٍ إِلَى ظِلِّ وُعَيْرٍ وَهُوَ الْمِيلُ الَّذِي وَضَعَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَلَيْهِ التَّقْصِيرَ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the limit of the miles which is involved in Taqsir (reducing Salah (prayer) on a journey after traveling a certain distance). Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘The Messenger of Allah had determined the limits of such mile to be from the shadow of ‘Ayr to the shadow of O’ Ayr and they are two mountains in al-Madinah. On sunrise the shadow of ‘Ayr falls on the shadow of O’ Ayr and that is the mile that the Messenger of Allah had set up for Taqsir (reducing Salah (prayer) on a journey after traveling a certain distance).”’ 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ الْجَبَلِيِّ عَنْ صَبَّاحٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنْ قَوْمٍ خَرَجُوا فِي سَفَرٍ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ التَّقْصِيرُ قَصَّرُوا مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ فَلَمَّا صَارُوا عَلَى فَرْسَخَيْنِ أَوْ عَلَى ثَلاَثَةِ فَرَاسِخَ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةٍ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ لاَ يَسْتَقِيمُ لَهُمْ سَفَرُهُمْ إِلاَّ بِهِ فَأَقَامُوا يَنْتَظِرُونَ مَجِيئَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ لاَ يَسْتَقِيمُ لَهُمُ السَّفَرُ إِلاَّ بِمَجِيئِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَقَامُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَيَّاماً لاَ يَدْرُونَ هَلْ يَمْضُونَ فِي سَفَرِهِمْ أَوْ يَنْصَرِفُونَ هَلْ يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ أَنْ يُتِمُّوا الصَّلاَةَ أَوْ يُقِيمُوا عَلَى تَقْصِيرِهِمْ قَالَ إِنْ كَانُوا بَلَغُوا مَسِيرَةَ أَرْبَعَةِ فَرَاسِخَ فَلْيُقِيمُوا عَلَى تَقْصِيرِهِمْ أَقَامُوا أَمِ انْصَرَفُوا وَإِنْ كَانُوا سَارُوا أَقَلَّ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ فَرَاسِخَ فَلْيُتِمُّوا الصَّلاَةَ أَقَامُوا أَوِ انْصَرَفُوا فَإِذَا مَضَوْا فَلْيُقَصِّرُوا. 

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Barqiy, from Muhammad ibn Aslam al-Jabaliy from Sabbah al-Hadhdha’ from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a people who are on a journey. When they arrived at the place where they were required to perform their Salah (prayer) in a reduced form, they reduced their Salah (prayer). After traveling two, three, or four farsakh, one of them without whom their journey could not be done remained behind. They waited for his arrival. Without him their journey was not possible. They stayed there for many days without knowing to go forward or return. Are they required to perform their Salah (prayer) complete or reduce it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If they have traveled four farsakh they reduce their Salah (prayer), regardless, they stay there or return. If they have traveled less than four farsakh, they perform their Salah (prayer) complete, regardless, they stay there or return.”’ 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 3

Book 4, Chapter 77